December 2018 – Amit Bahree's (useless?) insight!

Containers are all the rage right now and rightfully so – not only do they help abstract away some of the complexity and dependencies of your apps and solutions, they also make managing of environments, and, deployments much simpler. And the fact that you can do it in a consistent, and repeatable fashion is just icing on the cake.

As a simple example, with Docker, on Windows (as in my case), I can run a dockerized app, on a different OS than the host, which can also be interactive.

The command below will spawn a container, pull down the image of Ubuntu and then run an interactive terminal, tying the terminal to the standard input. Of course in this example, this requires that you already have Docker installed (the Community Edition would be just fine to play around with).

docker run --interactive --tty ubuntu bash

Now, with Docker if you do get the following error (on Windows): “Error response from daemon: operating system on which parent image was created is not Windows.” as also shown below, the way to fix it is to switch on Experimental features.

Docker error when trying to run Ubuntu on Windows

To try and fix this, right click on the docker icon in the system tray, choose Settings, and from the setting screen, in the Daemon tab, enable experimental features as shown below.

And after enabling the experimental features, the docker daemon will restart. And post that, if you run the docker command again, it would work as expected:

It pulls down the image (which is used to run in the container)
Runs Ubuntu in an interactive session (this is because of the option I choose)
And all within my PowerShell console on Windows.

This is just the beginning, there of course is a lot more to it. 🙂

I am writing this on a Microsoft Surface Book, running Ubuntu natively, and there isn’t any Windows option – I blew away, the Windows partition, and there isn’t any other OS on it.

Why, some of you might think? Well, why not. 🙂 For me the motive is two fold: one am a geek and love to hack what works and cannot work – how else will one learn? And two, explore and see which AI frameworks, tools, and runtimes works better on Linux natively

Well I must say, this experiment has been a pleasant surprise and much more successful that I originally thought of. Most of the things are working quite well on Surface with Ubuntu – including touch and pen (both seem like mouse clicks). As the screenshot below shows, Ubuntu is running quite nicely – including most of the features. There are a few things that quite don’t – I have them listed later in the post.

So much so, that Visual Studio code is running natively and whilst I haven’t had a chance to use it much (yet), that fact that it can even so much was something I wasn’t expecting without running some containers or VM’s or the likes.

So, how does one go about doing this? It is quite simple these days to be honest. Below are the steps I had followed. I do think the real magic is the hard work that JakeDay has done to get the kernel and firmware supported.

Disclaimer: My experience outlined here is related to the Surface Book – it can also run and be supported on other Surface devices, and the exact nature of what works or doesn’t work would be a little different.

Hardware – Have a USB keyboard and mouse handy just in case; and if you are on a Surface Pro or something with only one usb port, then a usb hub. And you of course would need a USB drive to boot Ubuntu off.
Disable Secure boot – without this getting the bootloader sequence would be challenging. If you aren’t sure how, then check out the instructions here to disable secure boot.
Delete / Shrink the windows partition – If you don’t care about Windows and have a copy of the license somewhere to get back you might want to just delete this. If you do want to shrink it (say this is your primary machine and you want to get back at some point, then goto Disk Management in Windows and resize the partition – keep this to at least 50 GB.
Ubuntu USB drive – if you don’t have one already, create a ubuntu bootable usb drive. You can get more instructions here. And if you are on Windows, I would recommend using Rufus.
Install Ubuntu – Boot off the usb drive you created, and before that make sure you have disabled secure boot. I would pick most of the default options for Ubuntu for now.
Patched Kernel – Once you have ubuntu running, I would recommend installing the patched kernel and headers that allows for Surface support. Steps for these are outlined below and need to be execute in a terminal.
- Install Dependencies: sudo apt install git curl wget sed
- Clone the repo: git clone https://github.com/jakeday/linux-surface.git ~/linux-surface
- Change working directory: cd ~/linux-surface
- Run setup: sudo sh setup.sh
- Reboot on the patched kernel

Change boot kernel: Finally, after you have rebooted, the odds of Ubuntu booting off the ‘right’ kernel is quite slim and best to manually pick this. You can of course use the grub, or what I find better – install the grub customizer, and then choose the correct option as shown below. Once picked and you had hit save, you also need to run the following in a terminal to make these persist: sudo update-grub

And that is all to it for getting the base install and customization running.

If you are super curious on what that setup script does, the code is below (also listed on github). What is interesting to see the various hardware models supported.

LX_BASE=""
LX_VERSION=""

if [ -r /etc/os-release ]; then
    . /etc/os-release
	if [ $ID = arch ]; then
		LX_BASE=$ID
    elif [ $ID = ubuntu ]; then
		LX_BASE=$ID
		LX_VERSION=$VERSION_ID
	elif [ ! -z "$UBUNTU_CODENAME" ] ; then
		LX_BASE="ubuntu"
		LX_VERSION=$VERSION_ID
    else
		LX_BASE=$ID
		LX_VERSION=$VERSION
    fi
else
    echo "Could not identify your distro. Please open script and run commands manually."
	exit
fi

SUR_MODEL="$(dmidecode | grep "Product Name" -m 1 | xargs | sed -e 's/Product Name: //g')"
SUR_SKU="$(dmidecode | grep "SKU Number" -m 1 | xargs | sed -e 's/SKU Number: //g')"

echo "\nRunning $LX_BASE version $LX_VERSION on a $SUR_MODEL.\n"

read -rp "Press enter if this is correct, or CTRL-C to cancel." cont;echo

echo "\nContinuing setup...\n"

echo "Coping the config files under root to where they belong...\n"
cp -Rb root/* /

echo "Making /lib/systemd/system-sleep/sleep executable...\n"
chmod a+x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/sleep

read -rp "Do you want to replace suspend with hibernate? (type yes or no) " usehibernate;echo

if [ "$usehibernate" = "yes" ]; then
	if [ "$LX_BASE" = "ubuntu" ] && [ 1 -eq "$(echo "${LX_VERSION} >= 17.10" | bc)" ]; then
		echo "Using Hibernate instead of Suspend...\n"
		ln -sfb /lib/systemd/system/hibernate.target /etc/systemd/system/suspend.target && sudo ln -sfb /lib/systemd/system/systemd-hibernate.service /etc/systemd/system/systemd-suspend.service
	else
		echo "Using Hibernate instead of Suspend...\n"
		ln -sfb /usr/lib/systemd/system/hibernate.target /etc/systemd/system/suspend.target && sudo ln -sfb /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hibernate.service /etc/systemd/system/systemd-suspend.service
	fi
else
	echo "Not touching Suspend\n"
fi

read -rp "Do you want use the patched libwacom packages? (type yes or no) " uselibwacom;echo

if [ "$uselibwacom" = "yes" ]; then
	echo "Installing patched libwacom packages..."
		dpkg -i packages/libwacom/*.deb
		apt-mark hold libwacom
else
	echo "Not touching libwacom"
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Pro 3" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling i915 firmware for Surface Pro 3...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/i915
	unzip -o firmware/i915_firmware_bxt.zip -d /lib/firmware/i915/
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Pro" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling IPTS firmware for Surface Pro 2017...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/intel/ipts
	unzip -o firmware/ipts_firmware_v102.zip -d /lib/firmware/intel/ipts/

	echo "\nInstalling i915 firmware for Surface Pro 2017...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/i915
	unzip -o firmware/i915_firmware_kbl.zip -d /lib/firmware/i915/
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Pro 4" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling IPTS firmware for Surface Pro 4...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/intel/ipts
	unzip -o firmware/ipts_firmware_v78.zip -d /lib/firmware/intel/ipts/

	echo "\nInstalling i915 firmware for Surface Pro 4...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/i915
	unzip -o firmware/i915_firmware_skl.zip -d /lib/firmware/i915/
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Pro 2017" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling IPTS firmware for Surface Pro 2017...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/intel/ipts
	unzip -o firmware/ipts_firmware_v102.zip -d /lib/firmware/intel/ipts/

	echo "\nInstalling i915 firmware for Surface Pro 2017...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/i915
	unzip -o firmware/i915_firmware_kbl.zip -d /lib/firmware/i915/
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Pro 6" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling IPTS firmware for Surface Pro 6...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/intel/ipts
	unzip -o firmware/ipts_firmware_v102.zip -d /lib/firmware/intel/ipts/

	echo "\nInstalling i915 firmware for Surface Pro 6...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/i915
	unzip -o firmware/i915_firmware_kbl.zip -d /lib/firmware/i915/
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Laptop" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling IPTS firmware for Surface Laptop...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/intel/ipts
	unzip -o firmware/ipts_firmware_v79.zip -d /lib/firmware/intel/ipts/

	echo "\nInstalling i915 firmware for Surface Laptop...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/i915
	unzip -o firmware/i915_firmware_skl.zip -d /lib/firmware/i915/
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Book" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling IPTS firmware for Surface Book...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/intel/ipts
	unzip -o firmware/ipts_firmware_v76.zip -d /lib/firmware/intel/ipts/

	echo "\nInstalling i915 firmware for Surface Book...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/i915
	unzip -o firmware/i915_firmware_skl.zip -d /lib/firmware/i915/
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Book 2" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling IPTS firmware for Surface Book 2...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/intel/ipts
	if [ "$SUR_SKU" = "Surface_Book_1793" ]; then
		unzip -o firmware/ipts_firmware_v101.zip -d /lib/firmware/intel/ipts/
	else
		unzip -o firmware/ipts_firmware_v137.zip -d /lib/firmware/intel/ipts/
	fi

	echo "\nInstalling i915 firmware for Surface Book 2...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/i915
	unzip -o firmware/i915_firmware_kbl.zip -d /lib/firmware/i915/

	echo "\nInstalling nvidia firmware for Surface Book 2...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/nvidia/gp108
	unzip -o firmware/nvidia_firmware_gp108.zip -d /lib/firmware/nvidia/gp108/
fi

if [ "$SUR_MODEL" = "Surface Go" ]; then
	echo "\nInstalling ath10k firmware for Surface Go...\n"
	mkdir -p /lib/firmware/ath10k
	unzip -o firmware/ath10k_firmware.zip -d /lib/firmware/ath10k/
fi

echo "Installing marvell firmware...\n"
mkdir -p /lib/firmware/mrvl/
unzip -o firmware/mrvl_firmware.zip -d /lib/firmware/mrvl/

read -rp "Do you want to set your clock to local time instead of UTC? This fixes issues when dual booting with Windows. (type yes or no) " uselocaltime;echo

if [ "$uselocaltime" = "yes" ]; then
	echo "Setting clock to local time...\n"

	timedatectl set-local-rtc 1
	hwclock --systohc --localtime
else
	echo "Not setting clock"
fi

read -rp "Do you want this script to download and install the latest kernel for you? (type yes or no) " autoinstallkernel;echo

if [ "$autoinstallkernel" = "yes" ]; then
	echo "Downloading latest kernel...\n"

	urls=$(curl --silent "https://api.github.com/repos/jakeday/linux-surface/releases/latest" | grep '"browser_download_url":' | sed -E 's/.*"([^"]+)".*/\1/')

	resp=$(wget -P tmp $urls)

	echo "Installing latest kernel...\n"

	dpkg -i tmp/*.deb
	rm -rf tmp
else
	echo "Not downloading latest kernel"
fi

echo "\nAll done! Please reboot."

Lastly, below are the things not working for me – none of these are deal breakers but something to be aware of.

Cameras are not supported – either of the two.
Dedicated GPU (if you have one). This was a little bummed out as I got the dedicated GPU for some of the #MachineLearning experimentation, but then this whole thing is a different type of experimentation, so am OK.
Can control the volume using the speaker widget thing on the top right corner, but the volume buttons on top aren’t.
Sleep / Hibernation – It has some issues and for now I have sleep disabled but have hibernation setup.
Detaching the screen will immediately terminate everything and power off the machine (not a clean poweroff) – I am guessing it cannot transition between the two batteries of the base and the screen. However if already detached then it will work without any issues.

Happy hacking!

Month: December 2018

Bugs

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Docker container running Ubuntu on Windows

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Ubuntu on Surface Book

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